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Condition Guide

Macular Degeneration

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a deterioration of the macula — the small central area of the retina that controls sharp, straight-ahead vision needed for reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans age 60 and older. While it doesn't cause total blindness — peripheral vision is retained — loss of central vision can severely impact daily life. Early detection allows for treatment that can slow progression significantly.

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Dry AMD

Most Common Form · 85–90% of Cases

Dry AMD occurs when the light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down, causing gradual blurring of central vision. Tiny deposits called drusen form under the retina. Vision loss is typically slow and often less severe than wet AMD.

There is currently no cure for dry AMD, but nutritional supplements (AREDS2 formula) can slow progression in intermediate to advanced cases.

Wet AMD

Less Common · Causes Most Severe Vision Loss

Wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the macula and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid and severe central vision loss. It can develop quickly, often in one eye first.

Anti-VEGF injections (such as Avastin, Lucentis, or Eylea) are the primary treatment and can stabilize or even improve vision when given promptly.

Symptoms

Warning Signs

Blurred Central Vision

Gradual blurring or blind spot in the center of your visual field — makes it hard to read, drive, or see faces clearly.

Distorted Lines

Straight lines — like door frames or text — appear wavy or bent. This is a classic sign of wet AMD and requires urgent evaluation.

Reduced Brightness

Colors appear less vibrant or vivid. You may need brighter light for reading and notice difficulty adapting from bright to dim environments.

Risk Factors

Who Is at Risk?

Possible risk factors include genetics, age, diet, smoking, and sunlight exposure. Regular eye exams are highly recommended to detect AMD early and prevent permanent vision loss.

  • Age 60 or older
  • Family history of AMD
  • Smoking — doubles the risk of AMD
  • Obesity and cardiovascular disease
  • Light iris color (blue or green eyes)
  • Prolonged sun exposure without UV protection
  • Diet low in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3s

Don't Wait on Your Central Vision

Annual dilated exams are essential for early detection. If you notice any change in your central or color vision, call us right away.

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